Identification of fish specimens of the Tocantins River, Brazil, using DNA barcoding.

The fish fauna of the Tocantins River possesses many endemic species; however, it is little studied in molecular terms and is quite threatened by the construction of several hydroelectric dams. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the ichthyofauna of the Tocantins River using DNA barcoding. For this, collections were carried out in five points of this river, which resulted in the capture of 725 individuals from which partial sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were obtained for genetic analysis. A total of 443 haplotypes were recovered with the mean intraspecific K2P genetic distance of 1.82%. Altogether, 138 species were identified based on morphological criteria, which was a quantity that was much lower than that indicated by the four molecular methods (assemble species by automatic partitioning [ASAP], barcode index number [BIN], generalized mixed Yule coalescent (GMYC), and Bayesian Poisson tree processes [bPTP]) through which 152-157 molecular entities were identified. In all, 41 unique BINs were obtained based on the data generated in the BOLDSystems platform. According to the result indicated by ASAP (species delimitation approach considered the most appropriate in the present study), there was an increase of 17 molecular entities (12.32%), when compared to the number of species identified through their morphological criteria, as it can show cryptic diversity, candidates for new species, and misidentifications. There were 21 incongruities indicated between the different identification approaches for species. Therefore, it is suggested that these taxonomic problems be cautiously evaluated by experts to solve such taxonomic issues.

Ten years later: An update on the status of collections of endemic Gulf of Mexico fishes put at risk by the 2010 Oil Spill.

The 2010 Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon was the largest oil spill in human history that occurred during a 12-week period in a region less than 100 km from the coast of Louisiana; however, after more than a decade of post-spill research, few definitives can be said to be known about the long-term impacts on the development and distribution of fishes in and around the region of the disaster. Here, we examine endemic Gulf of Mexico fish species that may have been most impacted by noting their past distributions in the region of the spill and examining data of known collecting events and observations over the last twenty years (ten years prior to the spill, ten years post-spill). Five years post-spill, it was reported that 48 of the Gulf's endemic fish species had not been collected and, with expanded methods, we now report that 29 (of the 78 endemic species) have not been reported in collections since 2010 (five of these are only known from observations post-spill). Although the good news that some previously 'missing' species have been found may be cause to celebrate, the lack of information for many species remains a cause for concern given focused sampling efforts post-spill.

Multiple habitats drive the functional diversity of fish assemblages in a tropical estuary.

Understanding estuarine diversity patterns is crucial to highlight the ecological value of coastal ecosystems for fish assemblages. To increase our knowledge, we investigated the functional diversity of fish assemblages in five estuarine habitats (sandy beaches, mudflats, seagrass meadows, mangrove fringes, and estuarine riparian vegetation) in a tropical estuary of Brazil. Functional diversity metrics were assessed considering seven fish functional traits and calculated using functional indices, PCoA (functional spaces), and community-weighted mean (CWM). Then, a unified RLQ and fourth-corner analysis were used to evaluate environment-trait relationships. A total of 27,036 individuals of 119 species were recorded in all habitats. Functional diversity showed similar trends to estuarine habitats, which were more driven by the spatial configuration rather than by their structure, emphasizing the importance of environmental heterogeneity. There was a greater occupation of functional space to habitats located in the lower estuary compared to the upper estuary. Furthermore, body shapes and trophic guilds were the most common traits related to changes in functional diversity between habitats. The RLQ analysis revealed differences in trait composition between habitats influenced by salinity and transparency, although the fourth corner method did not show a significant relationship between fish functional traits and environmental variables. Our results suggest that the mosaic of habitats support the high functional diversity of fishes in tropical estuaries.

Wild fish from a highly urbanized river (Orge, France) as vectors of culturable Enterobacterales resistant to antibiotics.

This study shows how wild fishes from urbanized rivers could be involved in the spread of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacterales. Antibiotic resistance profiles and molecular detection of clinical integron (IntI1) were carried out on 105 Enterobacterales isolated from 89 wildfish (skin or gut) belonging to 8 species. The proportion of isolates resistant to at least one antibiotic was independent of fish species and reached 28.3% within the Escherichia coli (E. coli) population and 84.7% in the non-E.coli Enterobacterales. Bacteria involved in nosocomial infections were isolated, such as E. coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter, as well as the environmental bacteria (Lelliottia, Butiauxella, and Kluyvera).

Fishes from affluents of Rio Branco, Municipality of Caracaraí, Roraima State, northern Brazil / Peixes de afluentes do Rio Branco, Município de Caracaraí, Estado de Roraima, norte do Brasil

Abstract The Amazon has the richest freshwater ichthyofauna of the planet, with tens of new species being described annually. Although studies on Amazonian fish in the literature are increasingly common recently, there are still significant gaps concerning primary data on the ichthyofauna. One such gap is the state of Roraima and its main drainage, Rio Branco. There is a single book published in 2007 on fishes of Rio Branco, and although it presents a rather complete list of over 580 species known until then, the information is now a little outdated and many species found in some of its affluents are not listed in the book. Due to the scarcity of published data on the fish diversity of Roraima and taking into account that ichthyofaunal surveys are important tools towards freshwater conservation, we carried out an inventory of the ichthyofauna in the region of Caracaraí (RR) in 18 sampling sites including seven affluents of both left and right margins of Rio Branco. We recorded a total of 64 species of 41 genera and 18 families of five orders that occur in the Neotropical region, representing more than 11% of the species previously registered in the book for the entire Rio Branco basin. Twelve species were added to the list presented in the book, with four representing first records for the basin, one of them a new record for Brazil. Two of the 64 species are putative new taxa in need of further taxonomic studies. The order with the highest diversity was Characiformes (40 species), with highlights for the family Characidae (24 of these species), followed by Cichliformes (11 species) and Siluriformes (9 species). The richest collecting sites had 23 species, and the least rich site had only two species. Hyphessobrycon bentosi and Nannostomus marginatus occurred in more than 60% of the sites. There has been a significant difference in the exclusive ichthyofauna from affluents of both margins of Rio Branco, with the number of exclusive species in left margin tributaries approximately five times higher. Results presented herein complement data from the literature regarding the still poorly known ichthyofauna from Roraima.

Resumo A Amazônia possui a mais rica ictiofauna de água doce do planeta, com dezenas de novas espécies sendo descrita anualmente. Apesar de estudos sobre os peixes amazônicos serem cada vez mais comuns na literatura, ainda existem lacunas importantes com relação aos dados primários da ictiofauna. Uma dessas lacunas é o estado de Roraima e sua principal bacia hidrográfica, o Rio Branco. Até hoje, há apenas um livro publicado em 2007 sobre os peixes do Rio Branco, e apesar de apresentar uma lista bastante completa com pouco mais de 580 espécies conhecidas até então, atualmente as informações estão um pouco desatualizadas e diversas espécies de peixes encontradas em alguns de seus afluentes não constam do livro. Devido a escassez de dados publicados sobre a diversidade de peixes de Roraima e levando em consideração que levantamentos de ictiofauna são ferramentas importantes para mensurar o potencial de conservação dos corpos d'água, nós fizemos um levantamento da ictiofauna da região de Caracaraí (RR) em 18 pontos incluindo sete afluentes das margens esquerda e direita do Rio Branco. Foram registradas ao todo 64 espécies de 41 gêneros e 18 famílias de peixes de cinco ordens que ocorrem na região Neotropical, representando pouco mais de 11% das espécies registradas no livro para toda a bacia do Rio Branco. Doze espécies foram adicionadas à lista apresentada no livro, sendo quatro registradas pela primeira vez neste estudo, uma delas registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil. Duas das 64 espécies representam possíveis espécies ainda não descritas, necessitando de estudos taxonômicos mais aprofundados. A ordem com maior diversidade foi Characiformes (40 espécies), com destaque para a família Characidae (24 destas espécies), seguida de Cichliformes (11 espécies) e Siluriformes (9 espécies). Os pontos com maior riqueza apresentaram 23 espécies e o com menor riqueza apresentou apenas duas espécies. Hyphessobrycon bentosi e Nannostomus marginatus ocorreram em mais de 60% dos pontos. Houve diferença significativa na ictiofauna exclusiva entre os afluentes das duas margens do Rio Branco, com o número de espécies exclusivas da margem esquerda sendo aproximadamente cinco vezes maior. Os resultados apresentados aqui complementam os dados presentes na literatura a respeito da ainda pouco estudada ictiofauna de Roraima.

Influence of sewage discharge on dissolved oxygen concentration and fish diversity in the Girado stream and Chascomús lake.

Hypoxic aquatic environments have increased in recent decades mainly by human activities that generate pollution. The objective of this work was to study the influence of the discharge of sewage effluents from Chascomús city on the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Girado stream and its connection with Chascomús lake and analyze the impact on fish biodiversity. Four sites were selected to measure DO and temperature weekly for one year: discharge of sewage effluent, union of the sewage effluent with the Girado stream, Girado stream and Chascomús lake. Also, ichthyological samplings were carried out in a presumed hypoxic zone and a normoxic zone of the Girado stream. The results showed that there were two hypoxic zones corresponding to the sewage effluent and the union of the effluent with the Girado stream (~3 mg l-1). Also, two normoxic zones were identified, the course of the Girado stream and the union with Chascomús lake (~ 8 mg l-1). In these areas the water temperature varied according to the seasonality of the region (from 10 to 30 °C) without differences between zones. It is important to note that these areas received a constant flow of sewage effluent from Chascomús city (~ 885,600 l per day). In the fish sampling carried out in the 4 seasons of the year, 14 typical species of the Pampas lakes were captured with species more tolerant to low DO. Pejerrey were captured in a small number in both sites but with no signs of abnormalities in the gonads.

Occurrence of tripletail Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790) in the inner Bristol Channel, UK.

A specimen of tripletail Lobotes surinamensis (total length: 402 mm, total mass: 1262 g) was caught in the shallow waters of the inner Bristol Channel on September 2, 2019, with this only the second known capture of this species from the British Isles. Given the cosmopolitan distribution of this species, the potential origin of this specimen is uncertain.

Are fish assemblages recovering after the huge disaster of mining tailing dam collapse in Mariana (Brazil-MG)?

The Doce River basin is located in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais (MG) and Espírito Santo (ES). Anthropogenic expansion throughout the twentieth century heavily modified the bioecological configuration of the region, which was worsened in November 2015 by the collapse of the Fundão tailing dam in Mariana municipality (MG). Local ichthyofauna suffered a loss of environmental quality, which served as an alert to the possible decline of native species and transformation of fish assemblages. Through a systematic literature review, the present study aimed to investigate the recovery stage of fish assemblage after the disaster. To accomplish this, we selected 14 documents reporting species lists and fish distributions in the area principally affected by the disaster. Data collected about fish assemblage (presence/absence) were spatially (upper, middle, and lower sections) and temporally (pre- and post-disaster) arranged, followed by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis to assess similarity. We applied the Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM) non-parametric test to confirm statistically significant differences between groups. We complemented the study by searching for the main bioecological characteristics of the most frequent species raised among the selected documents. NMDS showed differences in the similarity of fish assemblages among the three spatial sections, as confirmed by ANOSIM (p < 0.05), but no differences for the temporal component were observed. Nevertheless, we detected a trend based on continental fish assemblage transformation, as determined by the presence of many non-native species in the post-disaster period, suggesting the better resilience of these species over that of native species. The missing of many native species previously easily collected, mainly from the families Characidae, Loricariidae, and Trichomycteridae, suggested the system moving toward a new condition, probably worsened than the previous one. The ichthyofauna of the estuarine environment, on the contrary, seems to have recovered faster than ichthyofauna from the continental environment.

Are fishes selecting the trash they eat? Influence of feeding mode and habitat on microplastic uptake in an artificial reef complex (ARC).

Every year, coastal countries generate ∼275 million tons of plastic, and the oceans receive from 4.8 to 12.7 million tons3. Pollution by synthetic polymers is even more problematic for the environment when this material is fragmented into small portions, forming microplastics (MPs). In the present study, we analyze the selection of MPs by the ichthyofauna based on the availability of the morphotypes and polymeric composition of microplastic in the environment and compare the amount of MP in surface water, water column, sediments and fish in different organs, trophic categories, habitats and areas with and without artificial reefs. In order to achieve this goal, the shape, color, abundance and chemical composition of MPs in the digestive tract and gills of 18 fish species in artificial reefs area and control area, were evaluated. A total of 216 fish were analyzed, and 149 (60 %) had MPs in at least one organ and showed a mean concentration of 1.55 ± 3.31 MPs/g. Of the 18 fish species collected in the reef complex area, 17 (94 %) included individuals with at least one MP in digestive tract or gills. Four species showed the higher selectivity of MP types, colors, and polymers. More MPs were found in the fish, surface water, water column and sediment in the artificial reef area compared to the control areas. This is the first evidence of MP selection by commercially important fish species in artificial marine structures worldwide. These results provide useful information on MP pollution in RAs and highlight yet another issue that must be considered in the management of fisheries resources in the region and in other reef complexes around the world.

Functional diversity of the fish fauna in the Nyong estuary (Atlantic Coast, Cameroon), and its correlation with environmental variables.

Archaic fishing, anthropogenic pollution linked to demographic and economic growth stand to be a real threat to the richness and abundance of the aquatic fauna of estuaries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The knowledge of the Nyong estuary ichthyofauna's ecology in Cameroon is particularly essential to establish a management plan and sustainable management of this important ecosystem. The Nyong estuary ichthyofauna was composed of 13 families, 20 genera and 22 species, from February to June 2020. Eleven species had a marine affinity while11 others were from the freshwater dirivation. Mormyridae (14%), Cichlidae (14%) and Clupeidae (14%) were the most represented families. Also, Chrysichthys nyongensis was the most abundant species with a frequency of 30.26%. Despite the low diversity in the study area, the specific diversity index showed that Dikobe was the most diverse station (H' = 2.98 and J = 0.46), contrary to Donenda's station (H' = 2.30 and J = 0.22). In general, significant correlations were noted between physico-chemical parameters and the total abundances of the different fish species (P < 0.05). Thus, in Behondo, characterized by polyhaline waters, Gnathonemus petersii in contrary Pellonula vorax was positively and significantly correlated with salinity, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. This study clearly illustrates that the distribution of ichthyofauna in the Nyong estuary mainly depends on the environmental variables. The data obtained would therefore allow the implementation of a sustainable fisheries development and management plan in the localities concerned by this study, and sensitize fishermen on the need to respect the fishing code.

New records of two roughy fish species of Hoplostethus and a confirmed record of H.crassispinus Kotlyar, 1980 (Trachichthyiformes, Trachichthyidae) from Taiwan.

Two rarely caught species of the roughy fish genus Hoplostethus have been identified for the first time in the fish collections of Taiwan. The first, H.grandperrini Roberts & Gomon, 2012 was previously known only from two type specimens collected in the Southern Hemisphere off the coast of New Caledonia. Its distribution is now extended to the Northern Hemisphere off the coast of Pingtung, southern Taiwan. Our specimen represents the only record of this species since its initial description. The second, H.robustispinus Moore & Dodd, 2010 was originally described from a single specimen collected in the Philippines and was only known from the type locality and a single record off the Paracel Islands, South China Sea. This specimen represents the third record of the species since its original description. A single specimen of H.crassispinus Kotlyar, 1980, whose name has long appeared in the ichthyological literature of Taiwan and adjacent areas, was also identified as the first specimen-based record for Taiwan. Detailed descriptions of these species are provided and compared with available data of respective type specimens and related species, with intraspecific variations also discussed. Also included is a dichotomous key to all known species of the subgenus Hoplostethus in Taiwan.

Adult morphology and redescription of Lestidiopsindopacificus (Ege, 1953), with comments on the features of related species (Teleostei, Aulopiformes, Paralepididae).

Two specimens representing the first known adults of Lestidiopsindopacificus (Ege, 1953) are reported and described from Taiwan, and the validity and generic assignment of this species are confirmed. The origin of the pelvic fin directly below the dorsal-fin base shows that L.indopacificus belongs to the L.mirabilis species complex. It can be separated from its congeners by the position of the nostrils above the posterior end of the maxilla, the light body color with unevenly distributed melanophores in adults, and a distinct combination of meristic values and other morphological characteristics. New geographic records are reported for the two other current members of this species complex, L.mirabilis (Ege, 1933) and L.extremus (Ege, 1953). The diagnostic features that separate these three very similar species are discussed.

Fish diversity and assemblage in the Batticaloa lagoon, Sri Lanka.

The Batticaloa Lagoon (Sri Lanka's third-largest brackish waterbody) has suffered habitat degradation and water quality deterioration during the past 30 years due to various anthropogenic activities. Despite Sri Lanka having 40 lagoons, inventories on the lagoon ichthyofauna are rather meagre and data on fish diversity and assemblages are scarce. An assessment of fish diversity is essential to maintain the ecological stability and lagoon fisheries. This study examined the fish fauna of the Batticaloa lagoon considering the northern and southern regions of the lagoon and various depths through a 3-year survey (2017-2019) and documented the dominant and rare fish species. In addition, biodiversity measures, species assemblages and the role of environmental parameters on the distribution of fishes were documented. Various diversity indices (the Margalef richness index, the Shannon-Weiner diversity index, Pielou's evenness index, the dominance index, the taxonomic diversity index, the average taxonomic distinctness index and the total taxonomic distinctness index) were calculated. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) was used to examine the seasonal and regional differences in the fish assemblages. The survey showed the occurrence of 96 species belonging to 40 families and 11 orders. Ambassis gymnocephalus was the most abundant fish species (8.7% of the total number of fishes collected) followed by Etroplus suratensis (6.8%), Arius maculatus (6.1%), Gerres filamentosus (5.3%), Oreochromis niloticus (4.6%) and Gerres abbreviates (3.9%). Dasyatis uarnak (0.02%), Acanthurus gahhm (0.03%), Alectis ciliaris (0.04%) and Crossorhombus valderostratus (0.08%) were considered as rare species which constitute less than 0.1% of the total while D. uarnak was considered a doubletons species (represented twice in the whole sample of 16 stations). Two types of species assemblages, one in the northern region and one in the southern region, were evident in a dendrogram (Based on the samples were collected on each region dendrogram were plotted with respect to sites then finally dendrogram of one region pratly connected by other region) based on sample composition similarity estimated with a Bray-Curtis matrix and nonmetric multidimensional scaling plots. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was 59.03% between the two regions, indicating statistically significant differences in assemblages (ANOSIM R 0.801; P < 0.01). The northern region of the lagoon had a higher number of species, density, Margalef richness, Pielou's evenness, Shannon-Wiener diversity, taxonomic diversity, taxonomic distinctness and total taxonomic distinctness compared to the southern region. The northern region showed significantly higher levels of salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) and the southern region higher temperature, turbidity, phosphates and nitrates. The best subset of biota and environmental variables [BEST(BIO-ENV)] test showed a significant relationship between fish assemblage and environmental parameters. Distance-based linear model analysis showed a significant relationship between fish assemblage and the environmental parameters salinity, temperature, pH and DO. The sequential test of this analysis showed the environmental parameters to explain about 74.9% (R2 ) of the total variation. The bioenvironmental model developed was found to be appropriate. Thirteen species were found to be influential as they explained the overall fish distribution pattern with a Spearman rank correlation of 0.951. Ten groups of coherent species were also identified in the study area. In stations having anthropogenic activities, the fish diversity was low. The fish fauna of the Batticaloa lagoon should be monitored periodically to protect the fishery resources here. An understanding of the role that environment plays in structuring the fish assemblage in the Batticaloa lagoon and locations with critical habitats will be of great importance in the conservation and management of fishery resources in this lagoon. However, as monitoring only the dominant species may fail to pick up on important impacts affecting the less common species, it should be done using diversity indices and rare fish species. Monitoring is imperative in view of the livelihood of the fishers this lagoon supports and the health of the local people, as fish is a healthy food. The fishery resources of this lagoon must be protected for posterity with appropriate management measures.

Length-weight relationships of fish from sandy beaches / Relação peso-comprimento de 16 espécies de peixes que ocorrem perto de praias arenosas ao longo da bacia do baixo rio Negro na Amazônia brasileira

Abstract This study estimated the length-weight relationships of 16 fish species occurring close to the shores of sandy beaches along the lower Negro River basin, Brazilian Amazon. The specimens were captured for one day each month, in October to November 2016, early in the morning and early evening, using trawl net (20 m taken for standard length (SL - 0.1 cm precision) and total weight (TW - 0.01 g precision). The parameters a and b of the equation WT = a.LTb were estimated. The a values ranged from 0.0018 to 0.0226 and b values ranged from 2.5271 to 3.3244. This study also provides new data on of maximum lengths for six species, Amazonsprattus scintilla, Brycon pesu, Moenkhausia megalops, Pachyurus paucirastrus, Reganella depressa and Trachydoras microstomus, and new reports of the LWRs parameters of 15 fish species.

Resumo Este estudo estimou as relações comprimento-peso de 16 espécies de peixes que ocorrem às margens de praias arenosas ao longo da bacia do baixo Rio Negro, Amazônia brasileira. As espécies foram capturadas durante um dia de cada mês, de outubro a novembro de 2016, no início da manhã e no início da noite, usando rede de cerco (20 m de comprimento e 3,5 m de altura, 5 malha mm entre nós opostos). As medidas foram feitas para comprimento padrão (SL - precisão de 0,1 cm) e peso total (TW - precisão de 0,01 g). Os parâmetros a e b da equação WT = a.LTb foram estimados. Os valores de a variaram de 0,0018 a 0,0226 e os valores de b variaram de 2,5271 a 3,3244. Este estudo também fornece novos dados sobre comprimentos máximos para seis espécies, Amazonsprattus scintilla, Brycon pesu, Moenkhausia megalops, Pachyurus paucirastrus, Reganella depressa e Trachydoras microstomus, e novos reportes dos parâmetros da LWRs de 15 espécies de peixes.

Fishes from Yarinacocha lake: an emblematic Amazonian ecosystem in the lower Ucayali River basin, Pucallpa, Peru / Peixes do lago Yarinacocha: um ecossistema amazônico emblemático na bacia do baixo rio Ucayali, Pucallpa, Peru

The Yarinacocha lake is an emblematic ecosystem of the Peruvian Amazon, representing the main point of fish landing and a tourist attraction in the city of Pucallpa. The wide fauna diversity in this area has made it the target of various studies, although for fish species most of them were focused on commercial species. In this work, we carried out the first ichthyofauna species inventory of the Yarinacocha lake, sampling throughout the entire lake during the rainy and dry seasons and considering also all previously recorded species deposited in the Ichthyological Collection of the MUSM with the same locality. A total of 164 fish species were recorded, representing 10 orders (plus Eupercaria), 34 families and 116 genera. Characiformes was the order with more species (68 spp., 41.5%) followed by Siluriformes (59 spp., 36%), Cichliformes (17 spp., 10.5%), and Gymnotiformes (8 spp., 4.9%). The most highly represented families, including almost 55.5% of the total diversity obtained, were Characidae (23 spp., 14%), followed by Cichlidae (17 spp., 10.4%), Loricariidae (14 spp., 8.5%), Pimelodidae (13 spp., 7.9%), Doradidae (13 spp., 7.4%) and Anostomidae (12 spp., 7.3%). From the total fish species recorded in this study, only 22 are considered protected species following the IUCN criteria and 109 species have commercial importance, including 90 ornamental species (54.8%). Our results contribute to the knowledge of the ichthyofauna of the Yarinacocha lake and can be used as a starting point for its conservation and sustainable management over time.

O lago Yarinacocha é um ecossistema emblemático da Amazônia peruana, representando o principal ponto de desembarque de peixes e também uma atração turística da cidade de Pucallpa. A grande diversidade faunística nesta área a tornou alvo de vários estudos, embora para as espécies de peixes a maioria deles tenha sido focada em espécies comerciais. Neste trabalho, realizamos o primeiro inventário da ictiofauna do lago Yarinacocha, amostrando todo o lago durante as estações chuvosa e seca, e também considerando todas as espécies depositadas na Coleção Ictiológica do MUSM dessa localidade. Um total de 164 espécies de peixes foram registradas, representando 10 ordens (mais Eupercaria), 34 famílias e 116 gêneros. Characiformes foi a ordem com mais espécies (68 espécies, 41,5%), seguida por Siluriformes (59 espécies, 36%), Cichliformes (17 espécies, 10,5%) e Gymnotiformes (8 espécies, 4,9%). As famílias mais representadas, incluindo quase 55,5% da diversidade total obtida, foram Characidae (23 spp., 14%), seguido por Cichlidae (17 spp., 10,4%), Loricariidae (14 spp., 8,5%), Pimelodidae (13 spp., 7,9%), Doradidae (13 spp., 7,4%) e Anostomidae (12 spp., 7,3%). Do total de espécies de peixes registradas neste estudo, apenas 22 são consideradas espécies protegidas seguindo os critérios da IUCN e 109 espécies têm importância comercial, incluindo 90 espécies ornamentais (54,8%). Nossos resultados contribuem para o conhecimento da ictiofauna do lago Yarinacocha e podem ser utilizados como ponto de partida para sua conservação e manejo sustentável ao longo do tempo.

Distribution and diversity of fishes and lampreys in Transylvania (Romania): a complete survey and suggestions for new protected areas.

Freshwater fishes are in a serious state of decline across the world, making them one of the most threatened groups of vertebrates. The Danube River catchment area in Europe holds the richest freshwater fish community, but our knowledge of the current distribution of these species is limited. Transylvania, the largest region of Romania, is one of the important tributaries of the Danube, from where 77 fish and two lamprey species were recorded until now. Despite this large diversity of freshwater fishes, there is a lack of systematic survey of the fish fauna in this region for the past 50 years. In this study, we present data on the occurrence and distribution of fishes and lampreys collected in Transylvania from 2007 to 2022. This data covers 43% of Romania's surface and includes all major rivers from Transylvania. 65 species of fish and three species of lampreys are recorded, and an additional nine fish species are also reported based on information from competent people. Of the 77 fish and lamprey species recorded 19 (24.7%) are non-native, although their relative abundance was low (5.1%) compared to other similar regions in Europe. The first records of Eudontomyzonmariae, Neogobiusmelanostomus, Piaractusbrachypomus, Pygocentrusnattereri, and Salvelinusalpinus in Transylvanian rivers are presented, as well as the first record of Cobitiselongata outside the Nera River basin (from the Caraș River) and the detection of three new populations of the vulnerable Umbrakrameri. Data on changes in distribution that have occurred since the last comprehensive survey 50 years ago are also provided and the importance of our results in conservation planning are discussed, including the designation of new protected areas for freshwater bodies and the compilation of the Romanian Red List of fishes.

Length-weight relationships of fish from sandy beaches / Relação peso-comprimento de 16 espécies de peixes que ocorrem perto de praias arenosas ao longo da bacia do baixo rio Negro na Amazônia brasileira

This study estimated the length–weight relationships of 16 fish species occurring close to the shores of sandy beaches along the lower Negro River basin, Brazilian Amazon. The specimens were captured for one day each month, in October to November 2016, early in the morning and early evening, using trawl net (20 m length and 3.5 m height, 5 mm mesh between opposite knots). Measurements were taken for standard length (SL – 0.1 cm precision) and total weight (TW – 0.01 g precision). The parameters a and b of the equation WT = a.LTb were estimated. The a values ranged from 0.0018 to 0.0226 and b values ranged from 2.5271 to 3.3244. This study also provides new data on of maximum lengths for six species, Amazonsprattus scintilla, Brycon pesu, Moenkhausia megalops, Pachyurus paucirastrus, Reganella depressa and Trachydoras microstomus, and new reports of the LWRs parameters of 15 fish species.

Este estudo estimou as relações comprimento-peso de 16 espécies de peixes que ocorrem às margens de praias arenosas ao longo da bacia do baixo Rio Negro, Amazônia brasileira. As espécies foram capturadas durante um dia de cada mês, de outubro a novembro de 2016, no início da manhã e no início da noite, usando rede de cerco (20 m de comprimento e 3,5 m de altura, 5 malha mm entre nós opostos). As medidas foram feitas para comprimento padrão (SL - precisão de 0,1 cm) e peso total (TW - precisão de 0,01 g). Os parâmetros a e b da equação WT = a.LTb foram estimados. Os valores de a variaram de 0,0018 a 0,0226 e os valores de b variaram de 2,5271 a 3,3244. Este estudo também fornece novos dados sobre comprimentos máximos para seis espécies, Amazonsprattus scintilla, Brycon pesu, Moenkhausia megalops, Pachyurus paucirastrus, Reganella depressa e Trachydoras microstomus, e novos reportes dos parâmetros da LWRs de 15 espécies de peixes.

Length-weight relationships of fish from sandy beaches

Abstract This study estimated the lengthweight relationships of 16 fish species occurring close to the shores of sandy beaches along the lower Negro River basin, Brazilian Amazon. The specimens were captured for one day each month, in October to November 2016, early in the morning and early evening, using trawl net (20 m taken for standard length (SL 0.1 cm precision) and total weight (TW 0.01 g precision). The parameters a and b of the equation WT = a.LTb were estimated. The a values ranged from 0.0018 to 0.0226 and b values ranged from 2.5271 to 3.3244. This study also provides new data on of maximum lengths for six species, Amazonsprattus scintilla, Brycon pesu, Moenkhausia megalops, Pachyurus paucirastrus, Reganella depressa and Trachydoras microstomus, and new reports of the LWRs parameters of 15 fish species.

Resumo Este estudo estimou as relações comprimento-peso de 16 espécies de peixes que ocorrem às margens de praias arenosas ao longo da bacia do baixo Rio Negro, Amazônia brasileira. As espécies foram capturadas durante um dia de cada mês, de outubro a novembro de 2016, no início da manhã e no início da noite, usando rede de cerco (20 m de comprimento e 3,5 m de altura, 5 malha mm entre nós opostos). As medidas foram feitas para comprimento padrão (SL - precisão de 0,1 cm) e peso total (TW - precisão de 0,01 g). Os parâmetros a e b da equação WT = a.LTb foram estimados. Os valores de a variaram de 0,0018 a 0,0226 e os valores de b variaram de 2,5271 a 3,3244. Este estudo também fornece novos dados sobre comprimentos máximos para seis espécies, Amazonsprattus scintilla, Brycon pesu, Moenkhausia megalops, Pachyurus paucirastrus, Reganella depressa e Trachydoras microstomus, e novos reportes dos parâmetros da LWRs de 15 espécies de peixes.

Comparison of fish assemblages recorded by visual census and video census / Comparación de ensamblajes de peces registrados por censo visual y censo por video

Abstract Introduction: Underwater visual censuses are the basis of many studies on fish ecology, however, a series of limitations and errors influence the traditional visual estimation of fish richness and abundance. Video techniques have been proposed to mitigate such errors, but there are few studies that compare the effectiveness of both methods. Objective: To compare the estimates obtained through the traditional census and the video census of the fish community of two localities in the central Mexican Pacific. Methods: We studied the fish community of two bays of Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico. We established sampling points in each bay and applied a traditional census and a diver-operated video census. We used comparison tests and analysis of similarity tests to compare richness, abundance and diversity by locality; and permutation tests for the same parameters at each sampling point. Results: Both censuses provide similar estimates regarding the richness, abundance, and diversity by locality and by sampling points. There were no statistically significant differences between traditional census and a diver-operated video census in terms of richness, abundance, and diversity. Conclusions: Video census using the diver-operated video technique can be used as a complement or as an alternative to traditional census. Its use can provide a more complete assessment, increase data acquisition, and implement long-term monitoring programs in areas where there are economic limitations for its operation.

Resumen Introducción: Los censos visuales submarinos son la base de muchos estudios sobre ecología de peces, sin embargo, una serie de limitaciones y errores influyen en la estimación visual tradicional de la riqueza y abundancia de peces. Se han propuesto las técnicas de video para mitigar tales errores, pero existen pocos estudios que comparen la efectividad de ambos métodos. Objetivo: Comparar las estimaciones obtenidas mediante el censo tradicional y el video censo de la comunidad de peces de dos localidades del Pacífico central mexicano. Métodos: Se estudió la comunidad de peces de dos bahías de Huatulco, Oaxaca, México. Se establecieron puntos de muestreo en cada bahía y se aplicó el censo tradicional y video censo operado por buzo. Se emplearon pruebas de comparación y análisis de pruebas de similitud para comparar riqueza, abundancia y diversidad por localidad; y pruebas de permutación para los mismos parámetros en cada punto de muestreo. Resultados: Ambos censos proporcionan estimaciones similares en cuanto a la riqueza, abundancia y diversidad por localidad y por punto de muestreo. No existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el censo tradicional y video censo operado por buzo respecto a riqueza, abundancia y diversidad. Conclusiones: El video censo mediante la técnica de video operado por buzo puede utilizarse como complemento o como alternativa al censo tradicional. Su uso puede proporcionar una evaluación más completa, aumentar la adquisición de datos e implementar programas de monitoreo a largo plazo en áreas donde existen limitaciones económicas para su operación.

First use of baited remote underwater video stations to assess fish diversity in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Northeastern Brazil / Primer uso de Sistemas de Videos Remotos Submarinos Cebados para evaluar la diversidad de peces en la Región Metropolitana de Recife, noreste de Brasil

Abstract Introduction: Video techniques are used worldwide to study marine communities. As elsewhere, the use of remote underwater videos has recently increased in Brazil and there is a need for information about their advantages, disadvantages, and reliability in tropical habitats. Objective: To evaluate the use of baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS) in fish diversity research in a tropical habitat. Methods: We used baited video stations to record the fishes and their relationship with habitat type, underwater visibility and depth, in 79 random sites in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Northeastern Brazil (11 days in November 2017). Results: We recorded 3 286 individuals (65 taxa, 29 families) along a 25 km section of the shoreline, 10.2 to 28.6 m depth. The Clupeidae dominated numerically, followed by Haemulidae, Carangidae, and Lutjanidae; by species, Haemulon aurolineatum, Opisthonema oglinum, Haemulon steindachneri, Lutjanus synagris and Caranx crysos. The highest mean number of species was detected over sediment close to shipwrecks, but we found no differences among the mean number of individuals between habitat types. More species and individuals were observed at a depth of 20-25 m depth. The highest mean number of species was in 2-3 m of visibility, and the highest number of individuals within 4-5 m. Conclusions: Video recording seemed to be a valid method, and indicated that -besides being relatively diverse- the local fish community is dominated by a few species of small and medium-sized mesopredators, and a few top predators.

Resumen Introducción: Las técnicas de video se utilizan en todo el mundo para estudiar las comunidades marinas. Como en otros lugares, el uso de videos submarinos remotos ha aumentado recientemente en Brasil y existe la necesidad de información sobre sus ventajas, desventajas y confiabilidad en los hábitats tropicales. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de estaciones de video subacuáticas remotas cebadas en la investigación de la diversidad de peces en un hábitat tropical. Métodos: Utilizamos estaciones de video cebadas para registrar los peces y su relación con el tipo de hábitat, la visibilidad submarina y la profundidad, en 79 sitios aleatorios en la Región Metropolitana de Recife, noreste de Brasil (11 días en noviembre de 2017). Resultados: Registramos 3 286 individuos (65 taxones, 29 familias) a lo largo de una sección de 25 km de la costa, de 10.2 a 28.6 m de profundidad. Los Clupeidae dominaron numéricamente, seguidos de Haemulidae, Carangidae y Lutjanidae; por especies, Haemulon aurolineatum, Opisthonema oglinum, Haemulon steindachneri, Lutjanus synagris y Caranx crysos. El mayor número medio de especies se detectó sobre sedimentos cerca de naufragios, pero no encontramos diferencias entre el número medio de individuos entre tipos de hábitat. Se observaron más especies e individuos a una profundidad de 20-25 m. El mayor número medio de especies se registró en 2-3 m de visibilidad, y el mayor número de individuos en 4-5 m. Conclusiones: La grabación en video pareció ser un método válido e indicó que, además de ser relativamente diversa, la comunidad local de peces está dominada por unas pocas especies de mesodepredadores de tamaño pequeño y mediano, y pocos depredadores superiores.